Benefits of Student Exchange - 1775 Words

| The Benefits of Student Exchange | COM100 | | Anna Steele 4001232 | 3/10/2012 | 1. Synopsis A student exchange program is designed to encourage students to live in another country for generally a full school year. This report will cover the history of exchange programs, the benefits of undertaking study abroad in terms of the personal, cultural, educational, and employment benefits. It will also outline reasons why thousands of students around the world chose to leave their home country and study abroad. The key findings in this report show the substantial advantages that come from experiencing life in a foreign country by immersion in the culture and language. The conclusions drawn in this report have been based on various†¦show more content†¦The pressure to communicate in a country where ones mother tongue is not spoken also encourages acquisition. This is a major benefit to Australian school students, because learning a second language is no longer mandatory past Year 8. The decline in student, school, parental and community value for language learning is a con tentious issue in the Australian education system, exacerbated by a number of language teachers; many schools are unable to run classes. Therefore, students willing to participate in an exchange are helping to bridge this gap, and promote bilingualism. Regardless of the duration of a program, the student will learn to appreciate, explore and experience a different culture. The most notable difference many exchange students see in themselves is their enhanced confidence, maturity and sense of accomplishment. The development of an international social network will be a valuable, lifelong asset to the student. Not only will they make lifelong friends, but they will also develop a wider awareness of diversity, and a increased personal sensitivity to others. 4.3 Why families agree to host students There are numerous reasons why a family may host a foreign exchange student. I asked a small sample of host families why they had agreed to host a student the reasons were: * The desire to share their country and their culture with another person. * To expose their children to anotherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Benefits Of Student Exchange Programs990 Words   |  4 Pages An exchange student is a student that leaves his/her country for a foreign one for a year, where she/he usually learns a new language and experiences a new culture. Nowadays, there are more than 35 international exchange programs from which very many high school students benefit. For instance, each year, almost 13000 students travel on American Field Service Intercultural Programs between 65 countries (AFS, 2011). Unfortunately, the number of students who go on exchange is still relatively Read MoreCultural Exchange Classroom : Benefits For Students And Teachers1701 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Exchange in the Classroom: Benefits For Students and Teachers Ideally kids who are expected to become multilingual would be placed in classrooms where a teacher can speak their native language(s) and effectively communicate with the kids and the parents thereby validating the home language. Of course this isn’t always an option, and it surly wasn’t an option for my small town school. However, I believe that if the teachers could have handled the classrooms with a softer touch. By not attachingRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Curtin University802 Words   |  3 PagesThe Exchange Student Program at Curtin University faces a number of problems, but low application numbers are among the most important. Much of the problem appears to stem from communications issues. In undertaking the situational analysis, there are three main problems that have been identified. The first aspect is a SWOT analysis. The program is well-established, and has a lot of great locations and programs of study. There is funding available in the form of bursaries for students wishingRead MoreIntroduction. In Contemporary Society, The Boost Number1269 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational students all over the world (Bohm et al., 2002) Because those students figure out that education abroad is more concerned about personality, and can be independent of them. However, second language learning has become one of the most serious problems for international students. Therefore, higher education provides language courses for international students who are not native-tongue. However, many students are not using the foreign languages fluently yet. If international students want a perfectRead MoreSocial Exchange Theory And Social Interaction982 Words   |  4 Pagesbegin socializing with us during this time, forcing our exchanges with them and others to become â€Å"trainedâ₠¬ . Building these social relationships requires exchanges that are associated with rewards and costs. Chibucos Leite (2005), believe that in social situations, one will select only those behaviors that increase their chances of meeting egocentricities in social situations. In a relationship, if one sees a relationship as having more benefits than risks, they are more likely not to terminate theRead MoreCase Study At The Burgundy School Of Business1033 Words   |  5 PagesStep 1: Exchange Selection The specific exchange location that we have selected to create a marketing plan for is the Burgundy School of Business in Dijon, France. We have chosen this University for our project for three main reasons. First, this school offers a very diverse range of courses that are not offered at the University of Windsor or any of the other exchange destinations. They offer courses in Wine Management and Wine Business, as well as many other very fascinating courses. SecondRead MoreSocial Exchange Theory1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Exchange Theory was created by researchers John W. Thibaut and Harold H. Kelley, was an attempt to everyday interpersonal relationships. This theory, with backgrounds in sociology and economics, appeals to so many because of it simple answers to human interaction and intentions. The social exchange theory is very rational and considers humans to be rational in every thought they make. It examines human behavior through costs and benefits of being in a particular relationship. The theoryRead MoreEssay about Foreign Exchange1563 Words   |  7 PagesForeign Exchange One of the greatest experiences that a college student can have is that of studying abroad. It is one of the most enlightening experiences one can ever become involved in. It is a wonderful way to learn about another culture. Unfortunately, many of the foreign exchange students at State University have a difficult time interacting with the American students on campus. This lack of interaction is causing all students at State to miss out on a very important experience. AlthoughRead MoreU.s. Securities And Exchange Commission1523 Words   |  7 Pagesoverall progress of the 529 plans and the benefits. The objective of the 529 plans by the Government of United States of America is to provide advantages to the college savers in availing the tax rebates and tax reductions. The educational system is benefiting from these plans and the document provides the analysis of the factors that play their part in the providing the benefit to the sector and the overall economy. According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2014), the educational systemRead MoreEco/372 International Trade and Finance Speech Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Trade and Finance Speech International Trade and Finance Speech Foreign exchange rates and International trade are important aspects of economics. The United States macroeconomy’s health is determined by these concepts and their factors. International Trade Exports and imports are what encompass international trade balance. When there are more exports over imports a trade surplus happens and when there are more imports over exports a trade deficit happens. A country will acquire

A Comparison Of Liberalism And Realism - 1858 Words

Nilgun Duman Jonathon Whooley IR 308 – Term Paper April 10, 2016 A Comparison of Liberalism and Realism In the field of international relations, liberalism and realism have different perspectives about the best way to protect their own country and how states should interact with another. Realism is a view that emphasizes states to increase power to maintain their own security and protect their country from other countries. States should rely on their own material power, rather than alliances with other states. Realists also argue that because the international system is inherently anarchical, there is no central authority. Hence, states are self-interested to have power and protect their own borders. Liberals, on the other hand, argue that states should cooperate each other to pursue peace in the international relations. In fact, common laws and institutions, social contracts, and democracy enable countries to work and live together and avoid conflicts among states. Supporters argue that liberalism theory works the best in international relations because countries need to cooperate together under the common laws and institutions for keeping the world safe, peaceful and resolving problems such as climate change and ISIS efficiently. Liberals argue that people are interested in working together through common institutions and laws. This is because most people are inherently good and interested in working together and solving problems efficiently. In a Kantian worldShow MoreRelatedPolitical Comparison of Realism and Liberalism1915 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Political theory comparison: Realism versus liberalism Although the phrase realistic is often used in a colloquial sense, the notion of philosophical realism in politics has a very specific connotation. Realisms most prominent exponent was Hans J. Morgenthau and Morgenthau suggested that the most effective way to analyze a political situation was to presume a basic level of rationality of the involved political actors. Political realism believes that politics, like society in general, isRead MoreThe Major Problems That International Relations1639 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding and perspective on the issue. The three theoretical approaches we will explore in this paper are Realism, Liberalism and Marxism. These three approaches are chosen due to their verity as well as how vast their explanation stretches allows for contrasts to show more accurately. As we will discuss later, we will find that there are some similarities between Liberalism and Realism also where Marxism brings in a perspective completely alternate to the first two, a dding to the depth of theRead MoreThe Cold War And Initiation Of Neoliberalism Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesframeworks including realism, liberalism, and idealism; furthermore, each has emerged into new schools of thought after the conclusion of the Cold War. The liberal school of thought has inherited many developments and new features since 1989. The ending of the Cold War and initiation of neoliberalism was expected to lead to a decline in conflict and result in a cooperating international system under the anarchic system. In addition, to the new features of liberalism, new features of realism (neorealism)Read MoreContemporary Mainstream Approaches : Neo Realism And Neo Liberalism1527 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 8: Contemporary mainstream approaches (neo-realism and neo-liberalism) In the previous chapters, we’ve taken a broad glance of Realism and Liberalism; in this chapter we take a look at the modern version of these political theories and their respective differences. Although Realism and Neo-realism are close in name, they aren’t that close in ideologies. Both theories differ on their definitions of power and anarchy along with their respective model structures of the international system.Read MorePolitics, Realism, Liberalism And Liberty1507 Words   |  7 PagesPolitics challenges thoughts on existing theories and helps to develop the understanding of political concepts that are often deemed to be effective or ineffective. This essay will refer to some concepts and theories such as Political Corruption, Realism, Liberalism and Liberty. It will explore the kind of things academics generally try to find out through studying politics to explore these topics and what they should possibly be looking for instead when studying politics. Political Corruption coversRead MoreThe Conflict Between Israel And Palestine968 Words   |  4 Pagesthat very little progress has been made. In the world of International Relations, the theory of realism, in its most simplest terms, means having power and security as the main interests of a state, even if it means increased possibility of war, since living under an anarchy means there is no universal police that will help you or protect you . In reference to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, realism appears to be a great tool to use when trying to understand the actions from both sides of thisRead MoreEssay about Realism - The State is the Most Important Actor2054 Words   |  9 PagesRealism - The State is the Most Important Actor Introduction During the latter half of the 20th century, the realist theory has been criticized as an outdated method which can no longer sufficiently explain the actions of the global community. Critics point to liberalism, another widely accepted theory, as the successor of realism as the dominant theory of international relations. Opponents of realism assert that the Democratic Peace theory is evidence that the theory of realism is no longerRead MoreLiberalism And Its Influence On Society1329 Words   |  6 PagesLiberalism: where â€Å"people understand their own business, and their own interests better, and care for them more, than the government does or can be expected to do†, as defined by John Mill. Many individuals considered this ideology as the solution to their political, economic, and possibly their social needs; where a renewed acknowledgement of human worth and rationality materialized. Citizens were given the opportunity to delve and pursue their own desires of wealth w ithout any government involvementRead More Philosophical And Ideological Perspectives In Education Essay examples784 Words   |  4 PagesSecond Edition of Philosophical and Ideological Perspectives in Education continue to examine the major schools of philosophy of education through the systems approach. It also considers the relationship of education to major ideologies such as Liberalism, Conservativism, and Marxism. It analyzes the impact of philosophy and ideology on educational theory and practice by examining such theories as Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, and Social Reconstructionism. Although concentrating onRead MoreHuman Rights And The International System1841 Words   |  8 Pagespoint people in the appropriate direction. Without the foundation that theory lays out, the thought process, as well as arguments, can quickly become a mess of smaller thoughts, often with contradicting outcomes. In this paper, I will utilize Liberalism to try and understand the nature of human rights as a political issue within the international system. Human rights and the discussion thereof are complex and dynamic. Human history is filled with the sluggish progression of human rights. The

How Do I Love They Free Essays

A readers’s first guess at Elizabeth Barret Browning’s poem. â€Å"How I love thee† would be that it is a love poem. This assumption is correct as a love poem is a lyric, i. We will write a custom essay sample on How Do I Love They or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. an expression of feelings, and thoughts by a speaker in a personal and subjective fashion. In this poem literary devices and language strongly used to assist the reader is the correct comprehension of the theme of the work. In this poem the theme is love. This theme is approached with a question, â€Å"How do I love thee? † This abrupt question is rhetorical. Let me count the ways,† The author is not going to literally count the number of ways that she loved this person, but she is attempting to define love, and her love for the other for the other person. The next few lines are descriptive. The author attempts and seemingly effectively explains the love that she feels. From the authors words readers can see that this love is real, and not an infactuation. Through out the poem Elizabeth uses examples to explain her love, she tries to symbolize her love with life happenings. I love they with the passion put to use In my old griefs. † At the conclusion of the poem Browning says â€Å"I shall love thee even better after death. † From the tone of this line it sounds as though she thinks that some how she has failed in her demonstration of love and promises to exhibition of her emotion greater after their death. Two of the literary devices used in this poem are point of view, and description. In this poem the point of view used is first person. This allows the reader to hear and feel the passion poem as directly and originally intended by the author. Through out the entire poem Browning is directly is directly telling her inner most feeling for another. It is not an observer telling how they think that she individual feels. The effective use of this literary device better helps reader’s relation to and interpretation of the poem. Another literary device used is description. This device is strongly used in the poem from line two onwards. Though the lady is seemingly unsuccessful in describing the love, description is still a major factor. † I love thee freely. As men strive for right. This description reveals that she loves him as strong as a person would struggle or push for his or her beliefs. In essense she is a martyr of her love for him. Language is another important element in the poem. Elizabeth’s skill with punctuation is this is evident though out her work. She has effectively used punctuation through out her poem to greatly aid the reader in their comprehending, â€Å"I love thee to the depth and breath and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of being an ideal grace. The pause after reach is pertinent to the true meaning of the quote, a use of a period at that same spot would change the meaning of the poem to be the limits that her soul can reach at anytime due to any emotion. Whereas with the pause it reads the limits of her soul when she feels useless. Another example of punctuation is in the first line of the poem â€Å"How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. † The use of the question marks slightly throws the reader off. At this point the reader cannot know whether this is a rhetorical question. The opening line might seem to be and impossible or stupid attempt to define the concept of love, but the next sentences settles the mind, as readers see it’s an out loud thought which she answers. Conclusively Elizabeth Barrett Browning,s poem is an effective use of the literary devices point of view and theme, and also her language. These elements in the poem helps the reader to understand what could have easily became a complex piece of work. How to cite How Do I Love They, Essay examples

The English Patient Essay Research Paper As free essay sample

The English Patient Essay, Research Paper As followed by the large hit of Titanic? s great calamity love narrative. It seems that love romantic narratives are in favor to touch people? s deep feelings. The English Patient, # 8221 ; nevertheless, is a great heroic poem love affair novel. It # 8217 ; s an extravagancy of the romantic spirit, a longing for passion. A immoral love narrative between one adult male ( Almasy ) and a married adult female ( Katharine ) . Besides a nurse? s love and attention toward his patient. Style of the fresh uses the in-between of past and present. Backward into memory, frontward into loss and desire, the doomed of Almasy? s physical appearence, his love and the desire to last after he was severely burned and lost memory dued to shave crush. And later on, how himself and others discovered his unpleasnat yesteryear. The novel is largely focus on the patient ( as Almasy ) ? s inner struggles. We will write a custom essay sample on The English Patient Essay Research Paper As or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why he conceal his yesteryear to others and how he began to confront it after a adult male named Caravaggiuo who was suffered from Almasy? s treachery of England , and came for revenge.â€Å"Why follow me? Escort me, by all agencies, but to follow me. . .† It is clear to both of them that they are in love. . # 8220 ; The English Patient # 8221 ; hunts for replies that will reply nil. the celebrated novel by Michael Ondaatje circles down through beds of enigma until all of the mystifiers in the narrative have been solved, and merely the great lesion of a doomed love remains. attending to fragments of memory that evoke feelings even before we understand what they mean.Also, as its expansive contrapuntal subjects of fidelity and treachery, of decease and metempsychosis, play themselves out, a ferocious yearning for a moral order emerges every bit good. Michael Ondaatje # 8217 ; s fresh amasses hypnotic power and enormous cumulative impact, suggesting, in its resolutely nonlinear manner, fragments of rapture and hurting interrupting free from the floor of an ocean of memory, drifting upward into remembrance. It # 8217 ; s emotion recollected non in Wordsworth # 8217 ; s repose, but in contrite, egg-shaped pulsations.

United Way Essays - Humanitarian Aid, United Way Of America

United Way There are approximately 495,000 taxexempt/nonprofit organizations in the United States (excluding churches) that may receive taxdeductible contributions. ?Of those with incomes above $25,000, roughly 55,000 are classified as human service organizations and another 28,000 are health related (Hodgkinson and Weitzman, 1996).? The term nonprofits refers to these health and human service organizations. ?The types of health and human services that nonprofit organizations provide include housing and residential care, youth development, recreation, services to children and families, employment assistance, crime and delinquency prevention, food and nutrition, and substance abuse and addiction treatment (Hodgkinson and Weitzman, 1996).? However many organizations are much more than just helping the sick and feeding the poor. They help so many people in their time of needed, some through programs and others through services in the committee. There are so many different needs that people had not just the hungry and the sick. Through a vast network of volunteers and community agencies, United Way throughout America help meet the health and human-care needs of million of people every day. United Way's 110 year history is built on the proven effectiveness of local organizations helping people in their own communities. The United Way system includes approximately 1,400 community-based United Way organizations. Each is independent, separately incorporated, and governed by local volunteers. Through a single community-wide campaign, United Way volunteers raise funds to support local agency service providers. In total, voluntary contributions to United Way support approximately 45,000 agencies and chapters, helping millions of people from all walks of life and income groups. Apart from the government, United Way supports the greatest variety of health and human services in the country. In 1997-1998, ?United Way volunteers raised $3.4 billion (Young, Hollister, and Hodgkinson, 1998).? Which was used for human services ranging from disaster relief, emergency food and shelter and crisis intervention to day care, physical rehabilitation and youth development. That was 4.7 percent increase over the $3.2 billion amount raised in 1996. Because of the vast network of volunteers and the simplicity for corporate payroll deduction, administrative expenses for the largest United Way average about 13 percent of all funds raised. This low figure compares favorably with the suggested Better Business Bureau guidelines of up to 35 percent. Each volunteer ensures that every group receiving funds are a non-profit, tax-exempt charity governed by volunteers. Each charity is to submit to an annual, independent financial audit, provide services at a reasonable cost, and maintain a policy of non-discrimination. During United Way's extensive annual citizen-review process, local experienced volunteers assess community needs and determine how to distribute funds so that donors know their money is serving the most pressing community issues and reaching the people who are most in need. How much of the contributions reach community charities? The real advantage of United Way is its ability to raise money for the organizations it funds far less expensively than they ever hope to do. They keep fund-raising costs low, allowing nearly all of your contributions to go directly to community charities. On average, local United Ways nationwide distribute to community charities approximately 85% of the dollars raised compared with only 70% or less for other charities. Last year United Way funded over 45,500 agencies whose programs help people who really need help. They developed programs such as promoting health and preventing diseases. Other strong programs that they developed were for the strengthening of families. They found that today parents have problem caring for a families and having a loving relationship with the children. Last year 25% of all the funds the United Way and the local United Way went to programs to help parents keep on track. To add to the local programs local have the United Way has start, by themselves or with other agencies, many different programs nationwide. Even thou that United Way is thought as a charity they help some many people. And these are some of the nationwide programs that they fund. Since 1983, Congress has appropriated $1.7 billion for the Emergency Food and Shelter National Board Program. The National Board composed of six voluntary agencies (including United Way of America) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, uses specific selection criteria to award grants to those civil jurisdictions in greatest need

Affirmitive Action essays

Affirmitive Action essays Affirmative Action began in an era when minorities were highly under represented in universities and employment. Unless one was racist, most agree with the need of affirmative action in college admissions and in the workplace. With so much of Americas work force made from inter-raced schools now, some may question whether racism really is the problem anymore, and many college students might answer yes. We see it on college campuses today, and we are not sure why this is. Prejudices, self-segregation, political correctness, reverse discrimination, and ignorance all are put into a group of opinions surrounding affirmative action and racial issues today. One may feel that affirmative action in universities is the answer to the end of racism and inequality. If more black students get into good colleges, more of them will go on to even out the uneven numbers in the work force. Barbara Ehrenreich believes when we see ninety percent of leadership roles in the business world held by white men, we begin to doubt others exist in that field. With so many minorities in low roles, people begin to believe the white man is best for the top jobs (Ehrenriech 114). But with positive affirmative action laws at work, people should begin to recognize that minorities are just as good or better in the typical white mans job. Ehrenreich also believes affirmative action should guarantee that the best person no matter the race gets the job or gets into the school until it is all evened out (Ehrenriech 114). When blacks read false statistics about their failing race in articles sometimes it builds anger toward whites. The media shows that they are still not going to overcome the white man at the rate they are going. Affirmative action might not create racial unity even if we do reach an equal world we dream of though. The evidence is on the college campuses today. Though numbers are not near equal, minorities are a big part of university...

Catastrophe model of construction dispute negotiation behaviour Essay - 4

Catastrophe model of construction dispute negotiation behaviour - Essay Example Two cases were studied in this investigation which can be analyzed further with the assistance of primary research techniques to better understand what occur internally during the negotiation process. The two cases studies which merit other investigative techniques are the Motor Bus Company and Steel Benders cases. The primary research technique utilize to obtain more information about the cases is a questionnaire. There two types of questionnaires utilized: an initial interview and a follow-up interview. Since the interviews are not performed in person they are categorize as questionnaires. The method of invitation utilized in both cases to invite the members to participate is an online invitation to be sent to the presidents of the respective unions in both cases to learn about the perspective of the workers. In the Bus Company Case the questionnaire will be send to the CEO of the company. In the Steel Benders case the employer will be represented by the owners or general managers of 30 construction companies in Japan. The Motor Bus Company is negotiating a resolution between the firm and the employees of the company. Both parties involved in the negotiation have claims regarding the terms of the proposed contract. The first question of the questionnaire seeks to obtain the desired terms in order to renegotiate a collective bargaining agreement. The specific position of each party will reveal the alternative offer to obtain a resolution to the dispute. The second question is a quest to obtain responses and a strategic position in the negotiation process among the people involved in the ordeal. If player A can gain insight about the innate response and acceptance of the offer of player B it can act and propose a counteroffer that may persuade a group to seek an immediate solution to end the dispute. The offer by the company was fair in comparison with the previous, but it was only a bluff since the company felt the workers union

Books about the Phonograph Role in the World Essay

Books about the Phonograph Role in the World - Essay Example This essay presents the list of books regarding the role of the phonograph in the world such as "A Spiral Way: How the Phonograph Changed Ethnography" by Erika Brady, "Edison, the Man Who Made the Future" by Ronald Clark and "The Fantastic Phonograph" by Theresa Collins. The book, A Spiral Way: How the Phonograph Changed Ethnography is an informative book on the topic of the phonograph and gives detailed historical data on the development of phonograph as an ethnographic tool. The source explores the allocation of phonograph as a cultural product that has evolved over time. The book, Edison, the Man Who Made the Future, is advantageous for the students and people who want to gain awareness about Edison as a person who struggled towards making a product that is productive for the future generations. The book not only gives a description about phonograph but Edison and his struggle also. The chapter, â€Å"The Fantastic Phonograph† in the book, â€Å"Thomas Edison and Modern America: A Brief History with Documents† is really beneficial for the topic of my research. This source contains information and reviews given by academic and informative resources of the time when phonograph was invented. The uses of the phonograph along with various purposes of the machine are given in the resource. Allen Koenigsberg’s book contains descriptive information with proper historical accounts of the phonograph’s evolution from 1877 to 1912 and gives an explanation of Edison’s struggle in making phonograph.

Great Wilderness Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Great Wilderness Debate - Essay Example Others take it as a cultural believe that a wilderness is an area that has been threatened by growth and development and regardless of what can be done the land cannot show any positive growth (Callicott and Nelson 6). The existing biodiversity set aside an alternative to preserve the land from extinction and the separation of people from nature indirectly suggest the creation that serves as an example of wilderness idea. This topic of wilderness has attracted most of the environmental philosophers and the community at large that innocently believed that the wilderness is a natural holy quiet place. To distinguish between wildness and wilderness, we can create a picture of something that may occur or can be possible in the future by inhabiting nature symbolically. Cronon tries to give and differentiate wilderness from wildness by defining it as the only preservation in the world (Cronon 7). His idea requires a thoughtful study since it is more concern with the creation of human cultu res and civilization in the world we are living in. Civilization on the other hand can be done in a manner that will prevent contamination of the beautiful environment rather than basing the idea to cultures and historical assumptions. We can learn to appreciate and preserve the small and unconventional pieces of land that surround us and be able to conserve and maintain the beauty of the wildness (Callicott and Nelson 541). Taking an example of a tree in a garden and the other one in an ancient place, we clearly see the importance of valuing both trees because by doing so we not only value them but even honor the importance of conserving our environment. It is good to honor any wild regardless of its physical position because a tree is not less wild when it is in the garden than it is in the ancient place. We should take into consideration the fact that the tree in the wilderness and that in the garden require the same factors for them to grow and reproduce and also respect the nat ure. We are to classify an organism as wild or tame according to its context and not by its constitution or position so as to mention the distinction between natural and artificial occurrences (Aitken 5). The belief that wilderness is a virgin pure inhabited land has to be set aside and reclamation of the lands be done in the right manner of conserving the entire land not necessarily the wilderness. Wilderness existed before human refinement expanded and will continue to exist long after the cultures have ceased to exist and the community should adopt and accept to live with these changes. The human-environment interaction has tamed the land in a contrary manner that has influenced and changed the existence of the wilderness by people trying to protect their needs without giving up custody of the land that could be damaged by nature. The mere presence of things done by people does not deprive the official state of wilderness since a wilderness exists in environments that naturally o perate with very minimal human interference. We should provide a safe and caring environment for the benefits of all biological systems and the universe as a whole so as to create a progressive and helpful human-wild interaction. Conservation tips

Gender Differences in Crime

Gender Differences in Crime Criminal patterns by women and by men have both similarities and differences. Women and men are more prone to committing minor substance abuse and property crimes, rather than serious ones like murder or robbery. The main gender disparity in criminal activity is that men commit offenses at a higher rate than women do, except for prostitution (Heidensohn). Gender difference is more distinct in serious crimes, while it is least discernible in petty ones, which is a phenomenon called gender gap in offending (Rennison, 2009, p. 172). Particularly, it has been evidenced that 19% of criminal act perpetrators are women, yet they are also more likely victims of crime: as of late 2009, two women are slain every week by a former or current partner, and 44% of violent crimes against females are domestic (White, 2010). Meanwhile, women have been imprisoned for offenses like possession of stolen property, theft and drug charges. Other characteristics of female offenders include, (i) 15% have been confined to a psychiatric hospital, (ii) 40% have been drug-dependent since the year prior to their imprisonment, (iii) 20% have been in rehabilitation (White, 2010). A new focus of criminology is the study of criminal careers and although research on this topic has been limited to violent offenses, it has been established that (i) women perpetrate violent crimes to a much lesser degree than males; (ii) the criminal careers of violent women start and reach its peak a bit earlier than men; and (iii) to thoroughly comprehend the gender gap in crime, variables such as age and gender must be taken into account (Rennison, 2009). According to Callie Marie Rennison, race has always played an essential role in violent offending (175). She pointed out that minorities make up a large population of offenders. For instance, Rennison cites data from the U.S. Department of Justice gleaned from arrest reports and victimization surveys attesting that Blacks are disproportionately found among violent offenders (Rennison, 2007, p. 175). She also lamented the fact that studies on gender gap have largely omitted gender and age, and joins the call for moving beyond simple comparisons of offending by gender (Rennison, 2007, p. 175). Evidence attests that there is a substantial overlapping in the social perspective of criminal acts perpetrated by men and women (Hall, 2009, p. 5). To note, it has been proven that female and male offenders both usually have low socio-economic standing, come from minority groups, unemployed or under-employed, and poorly-educated (Hall, 2007). In light of these social implications on gender disparity in crime, there have been questions on whether biological factors could be stronger determinants in crime as compared to social factors. Here is a look at the differing theories on crime and gender disparity. Traditional theories about gender disparity in crime are, Anomie, Labeling and Personality Theory. Anomie postulates that females commit crimes at a lower rate than males because they are less subjected to cultural pressures to achieve success materially (Hall, 2007). In Labeling, parental acceptance of violence, neighborhood and home violence all increase the odds that a male will be involved in crime and violence (Ramoutar and Farrington, 2005.) Males who have had episodes of severe punishments at home for misdemeanors were less likely to commit property crimes or violent offenses. Meanwhile, men who were labeled negatively by people in his environment, and men who had poor self-esteems, were twice as likely to participate in violent and property crimes (Ramoutar and Farrington, 2005, p. 563) On the other hand, women who perceived that they were negatively labeled tended to participate in violent crimes, but females who have been at the receiving end of violence were more likely to be involved in both petty and violent crimes (Ramoutar and Farrington, 2005.) In contrast with their male counterparts, being subjected to severe punishments at home due to misdemeanors, increased females tendency to commit violent crimes. The most dominant personality dimensions that are associated with crime are self-centered orientation, low empathy, venturesomeness and impulsivity (Ramoutar and Farrington, 2005, p. 558). Male offenders were characterized by enjoyment of intense and new endeavors, as well as by risk taking all descriptive of venturesomeness. They also had low rates of empathy. In female offenders, venturesomeness and impulsivity were reasons for criminal behavior; and, self-centeredness increased female offending by 100%. Female offenders were not characterized by low empathy and low empathy (Ramoutar and Farrington, 2005). Biological Perspective The biological perspective on gender differences in crime rate points out that genetics determines the criminal behavior of a person. Neurochemicals trigger the behavioral tendencies and patterns in the human brain. One of these neurochemicals, monoamine oxidase (MOA), is linked to antisocial behavior: low levels of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) cause disinhibition, which, in turn, can result in aggression and impulsivity (Jones 2005). MOA has intertwining functions with other neurochemicals that have already been associated with criminal and antisocial behavior, like dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine are also closely linked with the personality factor of psychosis (Jones 2005). On the other hand, serotonin affects brain development, and low levels of serotonin plays a significant role in triggering bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression. Moreover, serotonin is closely linked with aggression, which can be a trigger for criminal behavior. Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters of the brain that provides feelings of pleasure, and thus, motivates people to do certain acts. A study conducted by Katherine Morley and Dwayne Hall in 2003 showed that there is an association between violent offenders and the dopaminergic pathway (Morley and Hall, 2003). Basing on these information, it could also be plausible that genetics plays a role in criminal behavior. Hence, supporters of the biological theory in criminal behavior assert that crime rates may be curbed by monitoring offspring and immediate family of known criminals, so that they may be tested for MAO (Morley and Hall, 2003). On the other hand, critics point out that this is not easy to accomplish because of m oral implications youngsters could be classified as potential criminals even if they have not committed any offense yet. Also, there is the ever present fear that governments may start using drugs to wage battle against crime, instead of addressing relevant social problems. It is important to recall that gender disparity in crime high level of male offending in comparison with females is absolutely accepted by criminologists. It is also important to note that gender disparity varies according to time, geographic area, race and age of the perpetrators. If gender disparity is indeed caused by genes, then the former will not vary as it does according to time, geographic area, race and age of the perpetrators. Thus, the biological theory is rather inadequate to explain gender differences in crime rate. New Female Criminal Freda Adler, a criminal professor at Rutgers University, published a book in 1975, entitled Sisters in crime: The rise of the new female criminal (Adler, 1975). The profile of the new female criminal, as explained by Adler, was considered as the most powerful and influential expert on female criminality more than three decades ago. According to Adler, the feminist movement may be credited with promoting positive changes in womens lives, i.e., social position, employment, marriage and family (Hamilton, 2010). She noted that women used to have the same hopes and ambitions as men, but they have not been able to attain these because of oppression towards their gender. Womens liberation changed all these, as females began to be empowered to pursue their dreams and ambitions and achieve them. However, Adler explained that womens lib had a darker side (Hamilton, 2010). Just as they were being productive, they were also pressing into crime (Hamilton, 2010). Women began to compete with men, even in the criminal world, wherein they were attempting to carve their own niches. And just as women became stevedores, soldiers, lawyers and doctors; they also became terrorists, embezzlers, forgers and burglars (Hamilton, 2010). Adler theorized that with womens liberation, a new breed of women offenders had come on the scene. She noted that the feminist movement created structural opportunities which women took advantage of by adopting the same characteristics as men: risk-taking, aggression and assertiveness. These, she said, were also the same qualities that enabled men to commit crimes. Adler has since, authored three more books on the topic, but modern times has seen critics bringing down her theories. For one, Adlers theories are weak in the sense that there are no supporting research evidencing that females who lived liberated lives committed more crimes than their more traditional peers. In addition to this, while it has been proven that most women offenders come from the lower socio-economic ladder, these same women rejected feminist ideals as distinctly middle-class. Moreover, feminists themselves shot down her theories, stating that these undermined the good intentions of womens rights (Hamilton, 2 010). Thus, it may be said that the new female criminal is more of a myth than reality. Which Theory is Correct? There are certain things to consider before determining which theory about gender  differences in crime is correct. Women have been engendered by moral principles which inculcate nurturing values in them, which restrain them from committing injurious deeds to others. Hence, females were less apt to commit crimes than the male counterparts, because of their nurturing and dependent nature (Cole and Smith, 2007, p. 57). Moreover, the criminal environment demands violence and physical power, which may account for lesser frequency and seriousness of crimes committed by women. Male have enhanced physical prowess and strength needed to commit graver crimes (JRank, 2010). In addition to this, women who wanted quick money but had no other means of getting it had opportunities to go into prostitution rather than commit crimes (JRank, 2010). Taking into consideration all these information, majority of studies concede that traditional theories are not given the deserving credit for explaining the patterns in criminal activity as it pertains to gender differences. Most of these theories are backed by hard evidence, and have outlasted the numerous modern theories that have sprung up and just as quickly, debunked by one study or the other. Majority of theorists agree that traditional perspectives are inadequate in explaining gender disparity in serious crimes, but a painstaking study of available data from research and experiments reveal that there is simply not much information in this area. Thus, the trend towards studying gender equality/inequality in criminal behavior must be continued, taking into consideration both traditional and biological perspectives, towards learning more about serious crimes. In doing this, the greater goal of curbing crime rates through significant research may be achieved.

Diamonds in the Rough :: Nature Rocks Outdoors Essays

Diamonds in the Rough Nature is full of many awe-inspiring things, from majestic mountains to carpets of flowers. There is much artistic creativity inspired by nature, but it is often of valleys, and streams. Rarely do we see the smaller pieces that make up such grand pictures. There are few people who appreciate the beauty of a single leaf, or a single drop of water. It is even rarer to find a person who finds beauty in a rock. For most people rocks are only beautiful if polished up and set in gold or silver. I am certainly no exception, however, I am often intrigued by the lower class of rocks. It takes a child, or an adult in touch with their inner child, to find the potential of the average, dirt covered rock. Through the eyes of a child, each rock takes on a personality, be it a country cousin or a snooty countess. Come through the eyes of a child and experience the beauty and majesty of a rock, from the simple stone to the classy diamond. On our daily journeys we often pass by the humblest of rocks, those that decorate our gardens, or the ones that are simply buried in the dirt at the park. Most of us see a rock, if we see it all. These quiet stones are the lowest caste of the rock world, but they do not lack their own impressiveness. They come in all shapes and sizes, from large and smooth, to small with jagged edges. They even come in different colors and patterns, swirled greys, and pale creams, deep browns, and smooth reds. Like fingerprints, or people themselves, no rock is like any other. These rocks are a chid’s friend, another door to the imagination. Children use them to build houses for gnomes, and pretend they are people. We adults simply smile and indulge the child, never once looking beyond the rock. Yet sometimes I find myself imagining this plain grey rock’s journey. Did it form in the bowels of the earth, from molten rock? Did it work its way to the surface over cen turies of time?